Red squirrel
18 January 2010
The red squirrel is England’s only native squirrel, but it has been replaced across most of the country by the grey squirrel, which was introduced from North America in the 19th Century. Red squirrels eat seeds, particularly pine seed; but will also eat fungi, fruits and bird’s eggs. Although many have bright russet red fur, the colour can vary greatly, with some appearing almost grey; they have ear-tufts that are most obvious in the winter. They do not hibernate, but store food during the Autumn in order to help themselves get through the winter.
Photograph taken by Steward Ellett*
Latin name:Sciurus vulgaris
Population numbers: There are estimated to be 140,000 red squirrels across the whole of the UK. In England, numbers are concentrated in northern counties, particularly Cumbria and Northumberland. In comparison there are thought to be around 2.5 million grey squirrels in the UK. The disease squirrelpox, is believed to be carried by grey squirrels and is deadly to the reds.
Where to see and when: Red squirrels are hard to see as they spend most of the time in tree tops. Large nests, known as dreys, in the trees are the easiest sign to spot, along with chewed pine cones. Good places to observe them are Forestry Commission woodlands in Cumbria and Northumberland. In the south of England, red squirrels can still be seen on the Isle of Wight and Brownsea island.
What’s being done: Red squirrels have a better chance of withstanding competition from grey squirrels in large conifer forests, so much conservation effort is focused on establishing reserves in that type of habitat, such as Kielder Forest in Northumberland. In some parts of the UK, culls of grey squirrels have been undertaken in order to prevent the spread of this more dominant species.
More information:
*Steward Ellett was a winner in the British Wildlife Photography Awards
